Short Reports

A text report will be very similar to the descriptive text. However if we see to the participant, we will be Able to identify whether it is a report or descriptive text

here are usually 4 parts.

1) Summary

2) Background (which is optional and not always necessary)

3) Body (main contents)  The content may even include a simple, small chart or diagram (if it contains lots of information, is complex or several pages, then include it in the “attachments” section). When you use HEADINGS and a list  . . . remember that after each heading it is more effective to write a short sentence or phrase to INTRODUCE the list.  

4) Recommendation or Conclusion (use either one, depending on the subject/purpose of your report).

Elaboration – Example Report Text Short Panda: A Short Report Text – Still on the example text report. Just a reminder that the text report that identifies aims, menderkripsikan an object or thing in calcification, class, elopok, group, certain spcies

A text report will be very similar to the descriptive text. However if we see to the participant, we will be Able to identify whether it is a report or descriptive text

Panda in Short Report text

Have you known panda? How are pandas look like? Well,pandas are mammal. It means that pandas bear live babies. They  feed the babies on milk.
Panda is like bear. their bodies are typical. It has two dominant colors, white and black. Panda’s fur is seen dominantly in white or snowy. While the legs, ears, eyes, and also the muzzle are covered with black fur.
Formerly, panda lived in South and East China. It was also found in part of Myanmar and Vietnam. Today, panda is seen a lot in forest area in Sinchuan, Gangsu, and Shaanxi of China
Panda looks cute however it is actually a wild animal. It is like a bear. Because it has strength, panda potentially becomes a frightful animal.

Graphs and Weather Reports

Next we then headed to the weather forecast material …
hello , , , this day still predict weather a few minutes ahead or need calling handler or handler rain storm all
hehee but whatever it is we learn this material because who knows when you ( I’m no exception ) came under challenge worked into a news reader , , wowww so let us learn …
Weather Report
The text is a weather report or forecast weather in spoken form . A weather report is a prediction of the weather .
Weather reports usually find in a newspaper , on the radio or television .
The weather is predicted through application of the principles of physics and meteorology .
Expressions used in a weather report :
- A high of twenty degrees .
- A low of -25 .
- 20 percent chance of snow .
- Mainly sunny .
- Sunny with cloudy periods .
- Record high / low .
- Above / below average Temperatures .
- A few flurries .
- 5 – day forecast .
- Temperatures are going to drop / dip / plunge ( go down quickly intervening ) .
- Temperatures are going to rise / soar / climb ( go up quickly intervening ) .
- A warm / cold front is moving in ( the water is arriving from another region ) .
Name Of Wether :
Sunny
Warm
Hot
Mild
Cold
freezing
Cloudy
Foggy
Smoggy
Rainy
Wet
Dry
Windy
Snow
Thunder
Mist
Blizzard
Fog
Hurricane
Clear
Breeze
Weather report text:
Hi, I’m Jesse Williams . This is your weekend weather report . This morning we’re seeing the sun with cloudy periods as well as a few flurries . Right now I am at the top of Mount Raven where it is plus two and expected to rise to about six degrees by noon . Temperatures overnight will probably drop to at least minus seven .
Tomorrow ‘s forecast calls for more flurries with a high of zero and a low of minus twelve . With the wind chill factor , that could put us at a record low of minus twenty . Conditions are perfect for skiing this weekend , but if you’re heading out to the slopes tomorrow , please remember to bundle up to avoid frostbite . We’ll go back to the newsroom now for a look at what’s in sports .
Table and Graph
Table
Each table present facts and figures in a compact form .
When we reading a table , there are several Things that we need to pay atention to . They are , the title table , row or column labels , information given in individual cells, and information given within rows and columns .
example table :

Graph
Graphs is a visual , Concise means of presenting information .
There are three basic kinds of graphs , they are bar graphs , Line Graphs , and circle graphs or pie graphs .
examples of the graphs :

Poster

understanding Poster
Poster is a work of art or graphic design that includes the composition drawing on paper and letters are large which contains the message – the message or informa at – public places or on public transportation . The nature of a poster is looking for the eye as hard as possible . Posters can be a means of advertising , education , propaganda , and decorations . Besides it can also be a copy of a famous work of art .
The purpose of the poster is to inform the reader about an information packed with shorter words , solid , clear and interesting . Benefits poster is for readers who want to better understand what the writer dictated poster using the words shorter and simpler .
Poster is an image on a large sheet of paper is hung or attached to the wall or other surface . Poster is a tool for mengiklannkan something , as a propaganda tool , and protest , and other purposes to convey a variety of messages . In addition , posters are also used by individuals as a means of decorating a cheap , especially for young children .
From the above two definitions , it is clear that the poster is one that has a piece of graphic art style , flow , and the trend of its own that can not be separated from an era . Therefore, the poster was made to convey the message or information , the poster will be elements in Visual Communication Design .
The characteristics of a poster :
1 . Graphic design and image composition containing the above letter -sized paper .
2 . Its application to put on the walls , public places or other flat surface with the nature of attention-seeking eyes as hard as possible .
3 . Because it is usually made ​​with poster colors and strong contrast .
4 . Concise and clear language .
5 . The text should include a picture .
6 . Can be read casually.
Terms of a poster :
1 . Using understandable language
2 . Short sentence , solid , clear and contains
3 . Also combined in the form of images
4 . Interest to be seen
5 . Materials used good , not absolute damaged , torn .
6 . Size adjusted to the mounting location and target audience .
The things that must be considered in making a poster is as follows :
1 . striking image is created in accordance with the idea to be conveyed .
2 . effective words , suggestive , and easy to remember .
3 . writing made ​​large and easy to read .
4 . posters placed in strategic places .
Principles of Design posters
1 . balance
The balance is a principle in the composition yangmenghindari biased impression over a field or space that is filled with such elements . There are two types of balance layout workable design : symmetrical design / formal and tidaksimetris / asymmetric / non – formal . □ Balance in shape and size □ □ Balance the color balance is obtained because the texture □ From all of which it is most felt is formed keseimbanganyang of the composition
2 . Chronology Read / Movement
Grooves are arranged systematically read by designers to direct ” the reader’s eye ” in the trace information , from one section to another .
3 . Emphasis / Emphasis
Emphasis can be achieved by making the title or illustration which is much more prominent than the other design elements can be achieved by urutanprioritas.Penekanan : Comparison of size □ □ background that contrasts with writing or drawing clear distinction □ □ □ Utilize empty field different types , sizes , and the color of the letters
4 . Unity / Unity
Some parts of the poster should be merged or split such information into groups . For example, the name of the building where the event should be close to alamat.Kesatuan text can be achieved by : □ Bringing some design elements stacked Created □ □ Utilize information garuis for separation and difference information □ □ Difference background color
5 . Impression / Specific Appeal
Poster designed for specific purposes by an tema.Hal is to give ” the impression ” an appropriate touch to the product , event , or layanan.Misalnya : □ Poster for women perfume should be impressed feminine , soft or decorative . □ poster to sell the truck , preferably using heavy colors , bold lettering and massive .
Types of Posters
Observers classify the type of graphic art posters becomes :
1 . Propaganda poster
2 . Poster Campaign Since the advent of democratic states leave the decision on leadership to the people , the poster is used as a tool to seek sympathy from leaders in the general election . Until now , the poster campaign is always appearing on every occasion when the election of regional heads and heads of state .
3 . Wanted Poster This poster is used to load a contest to find the criminals who are being sought state .
4 . Cheesecak poster This poster is a type of poster young children . This poster contains images usually rock stars and pop music artist .
5 . Movie Poster The movie industry is very utilizing posters to popularize his films . Until now movie posters are made using the technology and professionalism are very high because of it included a very extensive financial capabilities . Hired the best designers to create works posters to promote the film .
6 . Posters Comics comic book world Popularity peaked in the 60′s . This triggers mass production of comic posters in the 70s and above.
7 . Affirmation Poster AffirmationTujuan posters is to memotivasidengan words written on the poster . Text / motivational words typically listed on Leadership , Opportunity and others.
8 . Research and Scientific Activity Poster This poster is a type of poster commonly used among academic to promote scientific activities to be carried out .
9 . Posters in classrooms in schools in the United Utara.Ada various types of regular classroom posters made ​​, ie posters to motivate students to be kind , follow desiplin school , a poster containing teaching materials compiled debagai brief reference , multiplication tables , language recognition foreign , maps and others.
10 . Poster Art Poster artwork is an expression of the graphic design created with the purpose of ” art for art ” . It ‘s usually a creative event for students who study the field of graphic arts .
11 . Poster Community Service Community service or social compaign merupanan a kind posters , non-commercial , or not traded ( such as Cheseecage posters , movie posters , artwork posters , etc. ) , because these kind of posters are often contested by government agencies and NGOs .
12 . Commercial posters are kind of the poster may be seen where this kind saja.poster designed and manufactured as a means to promote a product and dirpoduksi certain budget in accordance with the sales promotion budget . The emergence of advertising posters that krestif able to steal the reader ‘s attention .
Criteria a good poster :
1 . Posts in the poster should be clear and legible
Posts in the poster is very useful , because the main point of delivering a message or information of a poster is from the writings and drawings . By writing clear and easy to read the message we want to convey to the target through the posters will be conveyed properly .
2 . The combination of image and text are not excessive
The main strength of a poster is a combination of text and images . Sometimes in making posters , we often get caught up with our own creative ideas . Mean heart want to make a picture and writing a nice and pretty but what happened instead of drawings and writings it becomes redundant . For example, the number of combinations of colors , blend , proportions , laying , and the quantity of images and writings make clear posters are not even able to make an impression and semarawut intricate display .
3 . Do not be selfish and just follow our taste
If we want to create a poster for the public , put our egos and tastes as good as possible , the intention is to position ourselves as a reader is not the manufacturer . That way if our position as a reader then what would we pour indirectly will follow the tastes of readers .
4 . The Right Color Combination
Try to imagine if you have a poster in white background ( FFFFFF color code ) with image and text color gray ( F8F8F8 color code ) , the result is certainly not clear . Another case when the background image is dark red ( color code 66000 ) with a combination of image or text bright yellow ( color code FFFF00 ) is definitely the result is good and interesting .

Soo,Too, Either, Neither

I use ‘so do I’ to say that a positive sentence is also true for me, and I use ‘neither do I’ to say that a negative sentence is also true for me:

• John: I hate mushrooms.
• Me: So do I (=I also hate mushrooms).

• Lucy: I don’t live in London.
• Me: Neither do I (=I also don’t live in London. For example, maybe Lucy and I both live in Paris).

This is often used as a reply to someone else in a conversation, but both sentences can also be said by the same person, and even joined together:

• Me: Elizabeth loves coffee. So do I.
• Me: Harry doesn’t play the piano and neither do I.

In my examples above, I use ‘do’ because the first sentence is in the present simple tense. The verb after ‘so’ or ‘neither’ changes depending on the tense of the verb in the first sentence. (This is very similar to tag questions).

Present simple: use ‘do / does’	Lucy likes coffee. So do I. Lucy doesn’t like coffee. Neither do I.
Present simple with ‘be’: use ‘am / is / are’	John’s at the office. So am I. John isn’t at the office. Neither am I.
Present continuous: use ‘am / is / are’	Luke’s going out tonight. So am I. Luke isn’t going out tonight. Neither am I.
Past Simple: use ‘did’	Jill went to the cinema yesterday. So did I. Jill didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. Neither did I.
Past simple with ‘be’: use ‘was / were’	She was at the library. So was I. She wasn’t at the library. Neither was I.
Present perfect: use ‘have / has’	They’ve been to Colombia. So have I. They haven’t been to Colombia. Neither have I.
Future simple: use ‘will’	Edward will be at the cafe later. So will I. Edward won’t be at the cafe later. Neither will I.
Modal verbs: repeat the modal verb	He would like a cup of tea. So would I. He wouldn’t like a cup of tea. Neither would I. Emma can speak Russian. So can I. Emma can’t speak Russian. Neither can I.

What about ‘too’ and ‘either’?
We can also use ‘I do too’ and ‘I don’t either’, which mean the same as ‘so do I’ and ‘neither do I’:

• John: I hate mushrooms.
• Me: I do too (=I also hate mushrooms).

• Lucy: I don’t live in London.
• Me: I don’t either (=I also don’t live in London).

The verb changes in the same way as with ‘so do I’ and ‘neither do I’ (remember you need a negative verb with ‘either’):

• Present simple: John’s at the office. I am too.
• Present continuous: Luke isn’t going out tonight. I’m not either.
• Present perfect: They’ve been to Colombia. I have too.
• Modal verbs: Emma can’t speak Russian. I can’t either.

‘Me too’ and ‘me neither’:
We can also use ‘me too’ and ‘me neither’. ‘Me too’ has the same meaning as ‘so + auxiliary verb + I’ and ‘me neither’ has the same meaning as ‘neither + auxiliary verb + I’. ‘Me too’ and ‘me neither’ are very informal:

• John: I hate mushrooms.
• Me: Me too (=I also hate mushrooms).

• Lucy: I don’t live in London.
• Me: Me neither (=I also don’t live in London).

Subjects other than ‘I’:
Of course, we can also use these expressions to talk about what’s true for other people, not just ourselves:

• John: I hate mushrooms.
• Me: So does Laura / Laura does too / Laura too.

• Lucy: I don’t live in London.
• Me: Neither does David / David doesn’t either / David neither.

Some more examples:

• We live in London and so do they.
• Emma loves tennis. Jill and Laura do too.
• My parents don’t come here often. Neither does Alex.
• She isn’t French and neither is he.
• You don’t like cold weather. Neither do we.

Transitions: Moreover, Furthermore, In Addition, Therefore, Consequently

Definition:

            Transitions words are certain words, expressions, or other devices that give text or speech greater cohesion by making it more explicit, or signaling, how ideas are meant by the writer or speaker to relate to one another. These are words and phrases that serve as bridges from one idea to the next, one sentence to the next, or one paragraph to the next. They keep the reader from having to find his or her own way and possibly getting lost in the reading.

Transitions can be placed:

• At the beginning of a clause and thus create a compound sentence, as in

I really thought I would win the family basketball pool; however, I made some poor choices.

• At the beginning of a sentence
  However, it would seem that my son will win all the prizes.
• At the end of the sentence
  Chris could keep all the prizes for himself, of course.

Within the sentence
He told me, however, that he would share his prize with me.

Transitions position:

v  Transition word + subject + verb

v  Subject + transition word + verb

v  Subject + verb + transition word

Types of transitions:

      Illustration  : specifically, such as.

      Contrast: however, nevertheless, conversely, contrarily.

      Addition: in addition, beside, moreover, further.

      Time : after, then, finally, next, last.

      Space: above, below, beneath.

      Concession: although, even though, of course, at least.

      Similarity or comparison: similarly, likewise.

      Emphasis: above all, indeed, truly, furthermore.

      Details : in particular, specifically, especially, namely.

      Examples : for instance, for example, thus.

      Consequence or result : consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly.

      Summary : in conclusion, consequently, therefore, finally.

      Suggestion  : to the end, therefore, for this purpose.

Transitions in text:

Descriptive: above, under, near by, among, further, below.

Narrative : after, afterward, later, finally, one day, once.

Expository: in addition, furthermore, moreover, therefore, however, although, consequently.

Examples:

1. He is sick. Therefore, he can’t come.

2. It is raining hard. Furthermore, Ryan’s house is a long way from school.

3. The test was difficult. In addition, the time was also limited.

4. Marry can read Spanish. However, she can’t speak it.

Written News

NEWS is reporting actual events published in the mass media . News writing communication skills including the media ( mass media communication) , the communication through the mass media .
Basic guidelines how to write good news and ” right ” – according to the rules of journalism and the news media has been customary four, namely elements of news , the inverted pyramid , the language of journalism , and the structure of the news script .
Elements of News
Writing news ( news) that the whole point is to develop 5W +1 H , the six elements of news :
1 . WHAT ( What happened , what events )
2 . WHO ( Who’s doing , actors , or involved in the incident )
3 . WHEN (When that happened , the time element peristriwa )
4 . WHERE ( In which case, the element of the crime scene )
5 . WHY ( Why did it happen , why did the “who” did it , the cause of events , background events )
6 . HOW ( How the process , chronology , the course of events , details of events ) .
Inverted pyramid
These six elements are usually arranged with formula or inverted pyramid style ( inverted pyramid ) , which emphasizes the most important elements or considered most important . Typically also , which is considered the most important element of WHAT and WHO .
the inverted pyramid
Language Journalism
These six elements are arranged in such a way that the news by using the language of journalism , language press , newspaper languange , or the language of mass communication ( mass communication language) with characteristics :
1 . Save the word ( economy of words , concise ) .
2 . Straightforward ( to the point , no long-winded )
3 . Logical , referring to the formula SPOK ( Subject , Predicate , Object , Description )
4 . easy to understand
5 . short sentences
6 . Active sentence .
The structure of news script
Paired six elements of language news and journalism are arranged in a news script with the structure of the news script as follows:
1 . The headline
2 . line date
3 . terrace news
4 . news content

Expressing Relief, Pain and Pleasure

Expression of relief	Expression of pain	Expression of pleasure
Good heavens Thanks God I am alive Thanks for heaven I am relief that.. God bless me God bless you	v Please, leave me alone. v I can’t tell my pain in words v It brought me a lot of miseries v My heart is so burdened v I’m so sad to hear this v I’m feeling bad at this time being	Ø It’s wonderful. Ø How marvelous Ø I am please with it / that. Ø It’s my pleasure. Ø It gives me pleasure. Ø That’s great. Ø That terrific. Ø I am happy with …… Ø I like it. Ø I love it.

Dialog 1

Andika       : What a terrible journey it is!

Andina       : Is there any problem with your journey my husband?

Andika       : Yes, I took  a flight from New York  to come here. When I were in the middle of the journey. My  plane struck a  turbulence . It shook hard  and went down a couple of feet. My head hit the front  chair. Look! It is  wounded. I feel headache and all my body is in pain.

Andina       : Thanks God. You are still  alive.

Andika       : Yes, thanks for the heaven. Fortunately, the pilots are the experienced ones. They can handle the problems.

Andina       : Ok. Go to the bed and take a rest first.

Pic. of pleasure

Great! I get some money

 

Dialog 2

Karen        : Hi, … Sally. What’s wrong with you. You look so sad.

Sally          : Please, leave me alone.

Karen        : What’s the problem? Tell me.

Sally          : I can’t tell my pain in words.

Karen        : Oh, I guess. It must be about Josh . Am I right?

pic of pain

Dialog 3

Dea  : “Ouch!”

Sally : “What’s up, Dea?”

Dea  : “I have a headache.”

Sally : “Poor you. I think you should take an aspirin.”

Dea  : “Yes, you are right. But I don’t have an aspirin. Can you buy me in the drugstore?”

Sally : “All right. Wait a minute.”

Dea  : “Thanks Sally.”

Sally : “You are welcome.”

Dialog 4Betty:Hello,Tika.Good morning !
Tika :Good morning.How are you?
Betty:Fine,thanks.And you?
Tika :I’m very well,thank you.
Betty:Tika,you look so happy.What happened to you?
Tika :Oh yeah!Really??
Betty:Yes,i think.Why?
Tika :You know betty,my english score is good.I’m so happy today!
Betty:Wouw…congratulations!
Tika :Thanks for your praise.
Betty:You’re welcome,Tika.
pic. of relief
Thanks My goodness. I bring my task. it,s still on my bag